Ekonomika

The exponentially increasing amounts of data being generated each year make getting useful information from that data more and more critical. The information frequently is stored in a data warehouse, a repository of data gathered from various sources, including corporate databases, summarized information from internal systems, and data from external sources. Analysis of the data includes simple query and reporting, statistical analysis, more complex multidimensional analysis, and data mining in business.

Managing customer demands in this digitally-powered market is an uphill task. Businesses must look into large amounts of data in order to derive valuable and actionable insights that can guide improved decision-making processes. This is challenging to implement without utilizing technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Data Science, as well as Predictive Analytics. Out of all these technologies, Artificial Intelligence has played the most significant part in transforming the way business is done today.

Annotation

This is an introductory course in finance. Course objective is to provide students with the basic knowledge in finance and to form the background for the further related studies. Course presents students with an overview of financial concepts, terminology, and principles, introduces to the financial management methods applicable to the personal and business practices (including SMEs and companies). Course covers basic financial theories, and their relevance to the financial management and investments. Introduction to finance course combines theory with practical examples, using case discussions and simulations.

Aim of the course

The course objective is to introduce students to the main elements, methods and principles of finance. It will provide basic knowledge and skills applicable to personal and managerial finance. Course starts with the general overview of finance, introduces to financial concepts, instruments, and techniques used in financial decision making. The first part of the course focuses on basic financial data, financial statements, cash flow, also main financial concepts as time value of money, risk and return, interest rates. The second part of the course deals with financial management.

Learning outcomes

• Explain financial system elements and their activities and functions via systemic approach.
• Explain and analyse saving and investing, financial assets, interest rate concepts and their importance in financial market.
• Analyze financial markets and their environment.
• Analyze financial planning process elements in household finance: personal financial life cycle, financial statements and ratios.
• Apply concepts of time value of money to solve various problems.
• Analyze goals of the firm and role of the financial manager in financial decision making.
• Prepare and explain financial statements: Balance sheet, Income statement, Cash flow statement. Evaluate proforma financial statements and budgets.
• Understand and evaluate relationships among financial decisions. Understand difference between short and long financing decisions.
• Work in teams, present work results in writing and oral presentation.

Annotation

This introductory logic course is focused on the basic issues in logic, such as the distinction between factual and logical truths, the conditions of the formal analysis of thought, elementary logical relations (contradiction and entailment), the issues of validity of inferential knowledge, formal and informal requirements for arguments and proofs, and the most widely used methods of formal proofs. The student will become familiar with the theory of categorical syllogism and propositional calculus. In addition to that classroom exercises are devoted to the practice of formalization – translating the expressions of natural language into the formal language, formal analysis of validity of arguments and consistency of propositions. The main methods applied during the course are as follows: Venn diagramms, truth tables, and natural deduction proof methods (including conditional and indirect proofs).

Aims of the course

This course aims to introduce students to the theoretical basics of logic, main methods of logical analysis and their applications.

Learning outcomes

• To understand theoretical basics of logic and main methods of logical analysis.
• Be able to recognize formal and informal fallacies of reasoning and proofs.
• Be able to determine if the statements (assumptions of an inference and premises of a proof) are consistent.
• Be able to think in a structured and consistent way.
• To perceive importance of the logical inference, be able to correct informal fallacies in argumentation.

Annotation

This course is based on the Harvard CS50x course curriculum – introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming. Through the course, students learn how to solve real-life problems in the most efficient way using algorithms. The course introduces problem-solving, which is inspired by the arts, humanities, social sciences, and economics especially. No prior knowledge in programming is required. Students are expected to create a personal final project. The course will examine in depth the programming fundamentals.

Aim of the course

The aim of the course is to learn essential programming skills and get hands-on experience by solving real-life problems. The course aims the need for leaders to understand the principles of IT products’ development for effective decision making.

Learning outcomes

• To be able to process information and operate at multiple levels of abstraction;
• To be able to decompose IT problems into parts and solve them efficiently;
• To be able to demonstrate proficiency in a software development environment;
• To be able to assess the correctness, design, and style of code;
• To be able to evaluate the project’s complexity and estimate required resources.

ANNOTATION

This course is an introduction into the contemporary debate on the changing patterns of the international economy and challenges the world is facing. The course deals with three major aspects of the global economy, firstly the trans-national economic flows, such as trade in goods and services, migration, financial transactions and investment. The problems are discussed before the background of international micro- and macro-economy. The aspects covered are balance of payments dynamics, exchange rate regimes, national income accounting, terms of trade, etc. Secondly the course deals with the downsides of economic globalisation such as the underlying reasons for crises and their effects on the economy, poverty and environmental degradation. Thirdly the course looks at the actors in the global economy: international organizations, national governments, non-governmental organisations, multinational corporations and regional integration initiatives. Hereby the motives, interest and interaction of the actors is scrutinised and furthermore the development of the global economic governance system is discussed.

LEARNING METHODS

The course is entirely taught in English and designed to achieve its aims through a combination of lectures and interactive seminars, including oral group presentations and data analysis. Seminars and lectures are designed to encourage active participation, co-operative and creative work, interactive communication and critical thinking

Course description

This course is a one-semester introduction to Public finance. Public finance is the branch of economics that focuses on the role of government in the economy. In this course we will study the role and the size of public sector, including the rationale for public sector existence (public goods, market failures) and government interventions (taxation policy, income redistribution).
Students will become acquainted with the theoretical foundations of how the government affects the economy, in addition to being exposed to a variety of empirical research. Students will gain experience in critical thinking and will learn about the theoretic basis of the economic arguments used by politicians.

Aims of the course

This course aims to introduce to students the main concepts of Public finance: the role of the state in the economy, public goods and market failures, policy of taxation and income redistribution. Attention is also given to fiscal policy issues.

Learning outcomes

• Analyze the concepts of public goods and market failures and their cures
• Apply various socio-economic models to the evaluation of the public policy questions
• Discuss the reasons for government intervention in the economy as well as different types of regulation
• Evaluate and compare different policies of taxation and income redistribution
• Analyze the issues in managing the  fiscal policy
• Learn the mechanics of sovereign and municipal bond markets.

Course description

This is an introductory course of statistical data analysis, designed for the students of the Economics and Politics program. The material covered in the course includes methods of data collection, analysis, presentation of results as well as the use of statistical data analysis software, SPSS®. The course encompasses methods of descriptive statistics, statistical estimates, data comparison hypothesis testing, correlation as well as regression analysis. During the laboratory sessions students will learn to use the statistical data analysis software, SPSS®, types of data, user tools, as well as procedures for data analysis and presentation. Statistical methods and SPSS® software will be applied to the analysis of concrete economic and political data.

Course aim

The goal of the course is to provide students with the theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for the analysis of economic and political data.  At the end of the course the students should be able to identify and apply the key methods of data analysis, carry out the analysis using specialized software, and to interpret the results.

Learning outcomes

• To understand the basic terminology used in statistics.
• To understand the basic principles of descriptive statistics.
• To understand the basic concepts of probability.
• To understand the basic principles of inferential statistics.
• To be able to utilize the correct statistical test based on sample, and hypothesis.
• To understand the difference between parametric and nonparametric tests.
• To be able to apply basic descriptive statistics to an available data base.
• To be able to apply the appropriate basic inferential statistics to the decision making process.
• To be able to make generalizations about a population based on a sample from that population.
• To be able to apply statistical techniques to evaluate basic business hypothesis.

Anotacija

Tai praktinis kursas, skirtas pritaikyti žinias ir įgūdžius, įgytus studijų metu praktiniams ekonomikos uždaviniams spręsti. Studentai, atliekantys praktiką verslo įmonėse, įsisavina praktinius organizacijų ekonomikos aspektus. Studentai, atliekantys praktiką valstybinėse institucijose, susipažįsta su jų funkcijomis, vykdoma veikla bei svarba valstybės ekonominės politikos vykdymo procese. Praktikos metu studentai gilinasi į įmonės ar institucijos veiklą įtakojančius vidinius ir išorinius veiksnius. Studentai, atliekantys praktiką verslo įmonėse parengia tos įmonės ekonominės analizės ataskaitą. Studentai, atliekantys praktiką valstybinėse institucijose, parengia šalies ekonominės analizės ataskaitą. Praktikos tvarkaraštyje nustatytu laiku studentas studijų skyriui pateikia ataskaitą.

Dalyko tikslai

Ekonomikos praktika skirta praktiniams organizacijų ekonomikos ar makroekonomikos aspektams įsisavinti. Praktikos metu studentai dirba pasirinktoje įmonėje ar institucijoje (organizacijoje). Yra galimi 2 įmonės pasirinkimo variantai:

• praktikos vietą susiranda pats studentas;
• praktikos vietą gali padėti surasti ISM karjeros centras.

Bendra praktikos apimtis – 15 kreditų (405 akademinių valandų), iš kurių:

1. praktika įmonėje – 360 valandų;
2. auditorinės valandos – 10 valandų;
3. savarankiškas studento darbas – 35 valandos.

Annotation

This course introduces students to the interplay between political institutions and economic processes and outcomes.  The course consists of two parts.  In part one, students will learn the key theories of economic growth (Neoclassical, Endogenous Growth, Import Substitutions Industrialization), as well as the historical background of the attempts at economic development throughout the XX century.  In the second part of the course, students will learn about the consequences of key political institutions (regime type, voting rules, structure of interest group competition) for the implementation of economic policy, as well as for such economic indicators as the size of government, corruption, re-distribution and economic growth.  The main goal of the course is to provide theoretical knowledge and practical tools that are required for academic research of economic policy as well as for practical policy-related decision-making.

Aim of the course

This course unit aims to provide an understanding of theoretical and empirical issues, regarding decision-making in the matters of economic policy: redistribution, fiscal policy monetary and exchange rate policies, industrial policy and measures to prevent corruption.

Learning outcomes

• Analyze literature on Economic Growth, identify its theoretical assumptions and empirical predictions.
• Identify the effects of different policy-making institutions as agenda-setting tools of economic policy.
• Evaluate economic and political institutions in terms of their susceptability to corruption. Model optimal anticorruption measures.
• Explain rationale for interpersonal and intra-personal  redistribution of resources. Model the effect of political institutions on the level of redustribution.
• Model the economic effects of fiscal policy decisions and political motivations for the choice of fiscal policy.
• Model the economic effects of monetary policy decisions and political motivations for the choice of fiscal policy.
• Explain Exchange-rate policines of individual countries, as well as the formation and maintenance of common currency areas.
• Analyze industrial policy decisions under a variety of political institutional contexts.

Annotation

Managerial Economics course is the synthesis of economic theory and decision making in practice. Quantitative tools rather than intuition should be used when making important managerial decisions. Some mathematical techniques are used in this course, but understanding the logic of decisions is more emphasized. The key goal of this course is to equip students with the skills for analyzing data and understanding the outcome of such analytics for the purpose of making sound managerial decisions.

Aims of the Course

The Managerial Economics course is organized for bachelor students of economics. It aims to discuss central decision problems the managers face in a day to day business environment and to provide the tools of economic analysis for making these decisions. The course not only concentrates on economic analysis and its tools, but also puts emphasis on managerial decision-making process.

Learning outcomes:
• Elucidate on the characteristics, scope and techniques of managerial economics.
• Be able to explain the application of managerial economics in various aspects of decision making.
• Develop skills for strategic decision making.
• Acquire problem solving skills.
• Be able to make managerial decisions supported by quantitative methods.

Course annotation

This course provides an introduction to analysis of economic behavior. The ability to predict market outcomes is indispensable not only for a sound business strategy but also for a meaningful public policy. The main focus of the course is on optimal decision making, understanding determinants of demand and supply, market equilibrium, strategic behavior, and welfare analysis. Introduction to choice under uncertainty and the general equilibrium analysis is also covered.

Aims of the course

The course should teach an analytical approach to the functioning of the market mechanism, economic behavior of market participants, market environment impact on competition, and business strategies. Students should acquire the skills and the ability to apply microeconomic analysis and optimization methods to a large variety of economic problems.

Learning outcomes

• Understand the main theories in microeconomics.
• Analyze and model microeconomic phenomena.
• Evaluate governmental policy as it relates to microeconomics.
• Graphically model microeconomic situations.
• Relate real economic experiences to theory.
• Identify economic situations at the firm and personal level.
• Develop researching skills.

Dalyko anotacija

Kurse dėstomi statinio optimizavimo, diferencialinių lygčių, variacinio skaičiavimo, skirtuminių lygčių, netiesinio programavimo, valdymo teorijos matematiniai modeliai, bei skiriama daug dėmesio jų taikymui ekonominių procesų modeliavimui ir optimizavimui.

Dalyko tikslas

Išugdyti ekonominių procesų analizės ir sprendimų priėmimo įgūdžius naudojantis kelių kintamųjų funkcijų analizės, paprastųjų diferencialinių lygčių, skirtuminių lygčių, statinio optimizavimo, variacinio skaičiavimo, netiesinio programavimo metodais.

Dalyko studijų siekiniai

• Suvokti ir gebėti operuoti pagrindinėmis dalyko sąvokomis.
• Gebėti formuluoti ir spręsti statinio optimizavimo uždavinius.
• Gebėti formuluoti ir spręsti dinaminio optimizavimo uždavinius.
• Gebėti analizuoti išspręstą uždavinį ir daryti argumentuotas išvadas.
• Gebėti nuosekliai, logiškai, tvarkingai ir aiškiai perteikti informaciją raštu ir žodžiu.

Dalyko anotacija

Kurse dėstomi ribų, diferencialinio ir integralinio skaičiavimo metodai, vieno ir kelių kintamųjų funkcijų tyrimas. Sudaromi ir analizuojami ekonominių, finansinių bei verslo valdymo uždavinių modeliai.

Dalyko tikslas

Suteikti ribų teorijos, diferencialinio ir integralinio skaičiavimo žinias, išugdyti matematinio modeliavimo gebėjimus ir matematinę intuiciją, reikiamą ekonomikos, finansų ir verslo reiškiniams modeliuoti ir analizuoti.

Dalyko studijų siekiniai

• Operuoti ribų, diferencialinio ir integralinio skaičiavimo sąvokomis ir metodais.
• Ribų, diferencialinio ir integralinio skaičiavimo metodais modeliuoti ir analizuoti verslo, finansų ir ekonominius reiškinius.

Annotation

This course is the basic macroeconomics course. During it main topics of macroeconomics will be covered. In lectures and seminars students will learn about economic indicators, goods, financial and labour markets, aggregate demand and supply, economic growth, open economy and exchange rate mechanisms, financial and monetary policy. Students in the course not only will learn Macroeconomic concepts and analyze theoretical Macroeconomic models but also will try to solve practical macroeconomics problems in Lithuania and EU.

Aim of the course

This is a course in intermediate macroeconomics, designated for students with knowledge in basic economics. Its objective is to present theoretical knowledge and practical skills required for studying the overall economic structure of a country. Students will know how to analyze the most important macroeconomic phenomena, and the impact of governmental macroeconomic policies on participants in the economy. This course trains skills in comprehension and analysis of macroeconomics policies.

Learning outcomes

• Understand the main theories in macroeconomics.
• Analyze and model macroeconomic phenomena.
• Evaluate governmental fiscal and monetary policy.
• Graphically model macroeconomic situations.
• Relate real economic experiences to theory.
• Identify economic situations at the national and global level.
• Develop researching skills.

Annotation

The contents of the Intermediate Macroeconomics course cover five main topics. It starts with the discussion on the main macroeconomic indicators. Then we have three topics based on different term perspectives. We start from the economy in a medium run (analyzing problems of open economy, inflation and unemployment). From that we turn to analysis of growth theory (economy in a long run) and after it we are studying Business cycle theories about economic fluctuations in a short run. The course finishes with the topic on macroeconomic policy and its debates.

Aim of the course

This is a course in intermediate macroeconomics, designated for students with knowledge in basic economics. Its objective is to present theoretical knowledge and practical skills required for studying the overall economic development of a country. Students will know how to analyze the most important macroeconomic phenomena from different aspects, and the impact of governmental macroeconomic policies on participants in the economy. This course trains skills in comprehension and analysis of macroeconomics policies.

Learning outcomes:

• Differentiate the main theories in macroeconomics.
• Relate economic problems with their time perspective.
• Consider the effectiveness of economic policies in different environment.
• Graphically model macroeconomic situations using appropriate macroeconomic theories.
• Discuss the main aspects of economic growth theories.
• Apply the concepts of aggregate demand and supply when analyzing economic situations.
• Apply the statements of classical theory when analyzing an economy in the Long run.
• Develop researching skills.

Anotacija

Šio kurso turinys – matematinių modelių sudarymas ir analizė verslo, ekonomikos ir kitų socialinės bei politinės sferos sričių sprendimų priėmimo uždaviniams spręsti. Čia nagrinėjami kiekybiniai variantų atrankos, prognozavimo, optimizavimo, rizikos alternatyvų atrankos bei duomenų analizės metodai. Analizuojami pavyzdžiai apima daugelį veiklos sričių, kuriose kiekybinės analizės metodais grindžiamas veiklos alternatyvų pasirinkimas. Reikiami skaičiavimai atliekami kompiuterine skaičiuokle.

Dalyko tikslas

Šiuo kursu siekiama išlavinti:

• struktūrinės ir algoritminės veiklos valdymo elgsenos pagrindus;
• problemos modelio sudarymo ir analizės įgūdžius: suformuluoti problemą kaip uždavinį, apibrėžti jo tikslus ir parametrus, parinkti ir sukurti tinkamą uždavinio modelį, perkelti jį į kompiuterinę skaičiuoklę ir kiekybiškai pagrįsti problemos sprendimo alternatyvas;
• duomenų analizės įgūdžius;
• kompiuterinių skaičiuoklių vartojimo įgūdžius.

Dalyko studijų siekiniai

• Gebėti sudaryti ekonomikos, finansų, verslo ir kitų socialinės sferos problemų matematinį modelį.
• Gebėti pritaikyti tinkamus metodus matematiniam modeliui analizuoti, daryti kiekybiškai argumentuotas išvadas ir pasirinkti optimalią alternatyvą.
• Gebėti matematinį modelį analizuoti kompiuterine skaičiuokle.
• Gebėti kompiuterine skaičiuokle analizuoti didelius duomenų masyvus.

Annotation
Welfare economics is a branch of economics that focuses on the optimal allocation of resources and goods. This course integrates discussions relating economic theories to different notions of social justice and historical developments of welfare state. Welfare state theories and concepts are discussed during the course not only in terms of equity reasons but in efficiency terms also. The course introduces crucial debates about the borderline between state and market. Various aspects of welfare state are analysed with help of two broad questions: what are the aims of policy and by what methods those aims are best achieved? Each society faces questions related to scope of redistribution (of wealth, income, power etc. and how much of it should be there) and methods that are employed to organise economic activities (market, central planning, mixed economy) in order to achieve societal economic and social goals. Those two broad sets of questions are the main axis for discussions during the course. In order to enhance such discussions the course examines origins and dissemination of welfare state, two main social welfare traditions (Bismarckian and Beveridgean) as well as comparative welfare state typologies (liberal, conservative and social-democratic). Basic principles of social insurance, role of private and public sector in social insurance provision are covered during the course. The course examines in detail retirement pensions and their financing mechanisms (pay as you go and funded), social assistance principles, its organisational aspects and main types of benefits. Special attention during the course is paid to income inequality, poverty and social exclusion, their measurement methods. International aspects of social security regulation are also discussed.

Aim of the course

Aim of this course is to enable students to develop a basic understanding of main topics in the economics of welfare state in democratic market economies. Students are expected to be able to define central concepts and apply these in basic discussions about the role of the state and the individual in provision of welfare (in terms of efficiency, social justice and equality) and some of the major issues in the design and financing of welfare state provisions. Moreover it is important for the students to be able to apply concepts and theories to practical policy debates both domestic and global.

Learning outcomes

• Analyse and discuss main features and failures of market economy and public policies.
• Compare and discuss arguments utilised in favor/against state intervention in different schools of economic thought.
• Apply basic concepts, terminology and organisational principles of welfare.
• Evaluate and compare different methods of welfare financing.
• Overview and compare structure of welfare state and social security in particular in different countries.
• Compare and discuss relationship of economic and social policies.
• Compare and discuss welfare state theoretical models and analyse real welfare systems.
• Analyse and compare different welfare provisions among countries: retirement pensions, health care, social assistance systems.
• Analyse and discuss main principles of measuring income inequality, poverty and social exclusion.
• Overview international aspects of welfare/social security regulation.
• Work in teams, present work results both in writing and orally, provide argumentation.

Course description

This course is designed to provide a unified framework for understanding financial markets, institutions and instruments. It focuses on several topics, including the structure and regulation of various markets in financial instruments, operation of banks and non-bank financial institutions, central bank operations and their effect on financial institutions, risks faced by the managers of financial institutions and the methods, markets and instruments for managing these risks. On completion of the course, the students will be familiar with notions and concepts specific to the markets in financial instruments, both securities and derivatives, and will be able to identify and use the financial instruments specific to various transactions carried out on financial markets.

Course Aim

This course aims to provide an understanding of the fundamentals of financial markets: structure, participants, operations and instruments, and associated theoretical and empirical issues.

Learning outcomes

• Explain the role and the functions of financial markets, institutions and instruments in a market economy.
• Describe the methods of issuing stocks in primary markets and their advantages and disadvantages.
• Describe the process of trading stocks in secondary markets.
• Differentiate among various types of financial assets and financial products, explain the specifics of their markets, and apply basic valuation methods in practice.
• Describe the theoretical determinants of the level and term structure of interest rates
• Analyze the types and roles of monetary and non-bank financial institutions
• Explain the reasons for changing values of financial products, their impact and consequences.
• Work in teams, present work results both in writing and orally, and substantiate decisions taken.
• Critically evaluate the recent financial news articles and relevant research in financial markets.

Annotation

This course will explore the history of economic thought ranging from Plato to the modern day. In the lectures we will examine the most important and influential thinkers of their time, while also including the historical context that influenced the ideas presented. The course will not strictly follow a chronological evolution of the theory, but instead is designed in a way to capture the evolution of economic thought: the arguments, debates, agreements, and disagreements.

Aim

The History of Economic Theories course aims to equip students with the historical knowledge of history’s most influential economic ideas in order to promote argumentative skills, critical thinking, and a deeper understanding behind the evolution of modern economic thought.

Learning outcomes

• Understand the basic theories from the history of economic thought and apply it to modern economic thinking.
• Identify the historical context of the current trends in economic theories.
• Construct and organize arguments in the context of the history of economic thought.
• Be able to analyze and compare different arguments with regards to economic theories.

Course annotation

This course is intended to provide a comprehensive introduction to forecasting methods with an emphasis on application of statistical techniques to analysis and prediction of economic time series. Various relevant topics will be covered, such as: simple and multiple regression, basics of statistical hypothesis testing, model building and evaluation, criterions of forecast accuracy, autoregressive model, testing for stationarity of time series, testing for Granger causality by classical (1969) and Toda-Yamamoto (1995) methods, time series decomposition, seasonality and trend, exponential smoothing, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, Hyndman-Khandakar (2008) method for choosing ARIMA model order, time series intervention analysis by ARIMAX model. Practical examples having real-world relevance will be provided and students will be involved with hands-on experience of modelling and forecasting. Assignments will be solved using R packages and GRETL, but other econometrical software can also be used (for example: Excel, EasyReg, Statgraphics, RATS, GAUSS, JMulTi, SPSS Trends, S-Plus FinMetrics, Stata, Matlab, E-Views, SCA, SAS, OxMetrics).

Aim

The course is aimed at the students who need to have a basic knowledge of methods for time series analysis and obtain practical skills of forecasting, with a focus on economic applications.

Learning outcomes

• Apply various quantitative methods for economic forecasting.
• Construct econometric models and describe their structure.
• Evaluate accuracy of the forecast and be able to communicate forecasting results.
• Distinguish between short-term and long-term forecasting.
• Apply econometric software packages to produce forecasts and forecast confidence intervals.

Course description 

This is an introductory course of basic micro- and macroeconomic concepts, as well as of fundamentals of management theory. Topics include supply and demand theories, market structures/ factors, the determinants of business strategy and various aspects business organization. The course will have a focus on international economics and global business behavior. It will stress on preparing students for a successful career, using economic and business concepts in a market oriented society. It shall also serve as a foundation upon which students can build advanced studies in economics.

Course aim

The objective of Principles of Economics for Business and Management syllabus is to provide students with a basic understanding of how the economy as a whole works. The participants shall be exposed to basic economic concepts, in order to gain a framework for viewing and interpreting the economic and business world around them.

Learning outcomes

• Define and explain how basic concepts of microeconomics (such as elasticity, scarcity or choice) can be used to explain the behaviour of individuals, household or firms.
• Represent supply and demand, in graphical form, including the downward/upward slope of the curves and what shifts/moves along the curves.
• To understand the importance of market structures, on the question of the stability and failure of markets.
• Describe and explain how basic macroeconomic policies (such as fiscal or monetary) can be used to analyse the economy as a whole.
• Explain basic management, business and marketing principles to be able to continue studies on a higher level.
• To understand the role of PESTLE factors on the SWOT of corporations, in the domestic and the international business environment.

Annotation

This is an introductory course to econometrics with emphasis on its applications. During the lectures and practical exercises the main focus will be on helping students to learn modern methods of empirical analysis and their practical application using an appropriate software (mainly GRETL) to the real world data sets. The main topics cover regression analysis including an introduction to panel data regression (fixed effects model), binary response models (linear probability, logit, and probit models), introduction to time series, and simultaneous equations. Students are taught how to build a suitable econometric model, understand the strengths and limitations of empirical methods, correctly interpret results and draw valid conclusions.

Aim of the course

The aim of the course is to introduce main empirical methods of economic data analysis and to provide their theoretical foundations.

Learning outcomes

• Understand and apply fundamental econometric methods, basic concepts of data analysis: descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals.
• Analyze and evaluate linear regression model: main assumptions, features and applications,  develop abilities to choose suitable analytical tools.
• Understand the concept of non-linear analysis: main assumptions and features and be able to use suitable software, interpret regression results, build econometric models.
• Understand and apply linear probability model, logit model, probit model and its applications, be able to interpret regression results, build econometric models.
• Understand and apply time series regression: main models, basic assumptions of modeling and their violations, be able to interpret regression results, build econometric models.
• Understand the concept of panel data analysis, be able to interpret regression results, build econometric models.
• Understand and apply simultaneous equations: main assumptions, features, use data analysis results to make and to found sound economic or managerial decisions.

Dalyko anotacija

Kurse dėstomi diskretieji matematiniai ekonomikos ir vadybos teorijos pagrindai: tiesinė algebra, tiesinis programavimas, grafų teorija, tikimybių teorija, lošimų teorija.

Dalyko tikslas

Suteikti ekonomikos reiškinių ir vadybos procesų matematinio modeliavimo pagrindus.

Dalyko studijų siekiniai

• Išsiugdyti gebėjimą operuoti pagrindinėmis diskrečiosios matematikos sąvokomis, dėsniais ir metodais.
• Išsiugdyti gebėjimą taikant šias sąvokas, dėsnius ir metodus, modeliuoti ekonomikos  reiškinius ir vadybos procesus.

Bakalauro baigiamasis darbas – tai savarankiškas studento darbas, apibendrinantis bei gilinantis studijų metu įgytas žinias, gebėjimus ir mokėjimus bei pagrindžiantis suteikiamą ekonomikos bakalauro kvalifikaciją. Bakalauro studijų baigiamasis darbas turinio ir analizės metodų požiūriu yra tiesiogiai ir netiesiogiai jungiantis įvairių disciplinų objektą į vieną visumą.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe tikslinga nagrinėti aktualias makroekonomines, mikroekonomines bei finansų rinkų ir institucijų problemas. Pasirinkus nagrinėti aktualias įmonės ekonomines problemas, rekomenduojama atlikti  įmonių veiklos ekonominį vertinimą, pagrįsti gamybinius ar investicinius sprendimus, tikslinga spręsti įmonių veiklos optimizavimo problemas, atsižvelgti į mikroekonomines bei makroekonomines aplinkybes ir pan.

Įmonė ar organizacija, kurios problema nagrinėjama baigiamajame bakalauro darbe, turėtų sutapti su praktikos vieta. Išimtys gali būti daromos šiais atvejais:

1. studentas atlieka praktiką finansų institucijoje, valstybinėje institucijoje, konsultacinėje bendrovėje (ministerijoje, asociacijoje, banke, draudimo bendrovėje ar kitoje finansų institucijoje, nekilnojamojo turto agentūroje, audito bendrovėje, ekonomikos tyrimų bendrovėje ir pan.) ir analizuoja šios institucijos ar bendrovės klientų veiklą ar pasirenka problemą, kurios sprendimui aktualūs praktikos metu surinkti duomenys. Ši situacija turi būti aiškiai aprašyta bakalauro baigiamajame darbe, paaiškinant praktikos vietos ir įmonės, kurios problema nagrinėjama, nesutapimo priežastis;
2. studentas atliko praktiką anksčiau (ne tą patį studijų semestrą, kai rengiamas bakalauro baigiamasis darbas) ir nebegali susirinkti duomenų toje pačioje vietoje (įmonė bankrutavo, pakeitė veiklos sritį, nutrūko studento ir įmonės santykiai). Tokiu atveju iš kitos įmonės, kurios problema sprendžiama bakalauro baigiamajame darbe, pristatoma pažyma, jog įmonė žino ir sutinka, kad apie ją būtų renkami duomenys ir rašomas bakalauro baigiamasis darbas;
3. įmonės veiklos profilis neatitinka nagrinėjamos probleminės temos.

Bakalauro baigiamasis darbas rengiamas aštuntąjį studijų semestrą, jam skiriama 15 ECTS kreditų. Darbas gali būti rašomas lietuvių arba anglų kalba (priklausomai nuo darbo vadovo).

Dalyko studijų siekiniai

• Gebėti identifikuoti aktualią mikroekonominę, makroekonominę, finansų rinkų ar institucijų, organizacijos, vadybos ekonomikos problematiką, jos pagrindu formuluoti darbo tikslus ir uždavinius.
• Gebėti analizuoti ir tirti pasirinktąją nagrinėjamo objekto aplinką (šalies, rinkos, sektoriaus, įmonės) ir jos ekonominius rodiklius, jų parametrus bei pagrįsti problemos egzistavimą ir poreikį ją spręsti.
• Gebėti parinkti tinkamą tyrimo metodą iškeltai problemai spręsti, susieti mokslinių teorijų apžvalgos ir nagrinėjamos praktinės problemos analizės duomenis, įvertinti metodų privalumus, trūkumus bei apribojimus tiriant konkrečią praktinę problemą.
• Gebėti atlikti tyrimą ir pagrįsti jo rezultatų taikymą darbo įvade suformuluotos problemos sprendimui. Gebėti apibendrinti rezultatus, juos išsamiai analizuoti, interpretuoti ir pateikti iš to sekančias rekomendacijas.
• Gebėti apibendrinti didelės apimties projekto (rašto darbo) išvadas, siejant jas su darbo tikslu ir uždaviniais.
• Gebėti sintezuoti atskiras darbo dalis ir užduotis į vieningą, nuoseklų, ekonomines žinias ir kompetencijas demonstruojantį akademinį  rašto darbą, atitinkantį reikalavimus formatui ir apimčiai.
• Gebėti parinkti ir naudoti tinkamus teorinius ir kitus šaltinius keliamai problemai atskleisti. Gebėti analizuoti, parinkti ir pritaikyti tyrimų metodus aiškiai demonstruojant žinių taikymo, analizės, vertinimo ir naujų žinių (sprendimų) kūrimo gebėjimus.
• Gebėti planuoti darbo laiką rengiant didelės apimties akademinį rašto darbą.
• Gebėti pristatyti parengtą darbą specialistų auditorijai, argumentuotai paaiškinti sprendimus ir atsakyti į klausimus.

Anotacija

Akademiniai darbai ir darbų pristatymas priklauso mokslo darbų sričiai, todėl turi atitikti bendruosius tokio tipo darbų reikalavimus tiek struktūros, pristatymo ir įforminimo, tiek turinio atžvilgiu. Kokybiški akademiniai darbai rašomi ir pristatomi moksliniu stiliumi, taisyklinga, aiškia ir tikslia lietuvių kalba. Akademinio rašymo ir prezentacijų kurse aptariama akademinių darbų struktūra (įvadas, dėstomoji dalis, išvados), mokslinio teksto struktūra. Studentai mokosi analizuoti mokslinį tekstą ir pristatymus, juos redaguoti ir tikslinti, įsisąmonina normas, ir mokosi kurti savo individualų mokslinį tekstą, juos įforminti pagal bendruosius darbų reikalavimus, įvertinti teksto kokybę ir išsakyti ir pagrįsti savo nuomonę. Aptariamos mokslinio stiliaus stilistinės ypatybės: abstraktumas, tikslumas, objektyvumas, logiškumas, jų lingvistiniai požymiai ir raiška tekste ir žodinėje prezentacijoje.

Dalyko tikslas

Kurso tikslas – įgyti žinių apie akademinių darbų struktūrą, svarbiausias mokslinio stiliaus ir rašymo ypatybes, specifines mokslinio stiliaus raiškos priemones ir tų darbų įforminimą, žodinį pateikimą, tobulinti įgūdžius kuriant individualų mokslinį tekstą, jį tinkamai įforminti ir pristatyti.

Dalyko studijų siekiniai

• Gebėti struktūruoti akademinio darbo tekstą;
• Gebėti kurti logišką pastraipų seką teigdami, aiškindami ir apibendrindami turimą ir naują informaciją;
• Gebėti tinkamai cituoti ir atpasakoti kitų autorių mintis tekste;
• Gebėti laikytis bendrinės kalbos ir mokslinio stiliaus normų;
• Gebėti tinkamai įforminti akademinius darbus pagal jiems taikomus bendruosius reikalavimus;
• Gebėti savarankiškai analizuoti savo pristatymus bei parengti tikslingą pristatymą, gebėti argumentuoti priimtus sprendimus, pristatyti savo darbo rezultatus raštu ir žodžiu;
• Gebėti dirbti individualiai ir komandoje.